Boiler furnace



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-$heet 1.

W. MoOLAVE. BOILER FURNACE.

No. 529,292. Patented Nov. 13, 1894.

T 5 "cams PETERS co mow-gummy, wasumarou n c (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet2.

W. MoOLAVE. BOILER FURNACE.

N0. 529,292.- Patented Nov. 13, 1894.

W. MOGLAV E.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

BOILER FURNACE.

N0. 529,29Zi

Patented Nov. 13, 1894.

UNJITED STATES ATENT FFICE.

WILLIAM MOCLAVE, OF SCRANTON, PENNSYLVANIA.

BOILER-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 529,292, dated November13, 1894.

Application filed June 29, 1894. Serial No. 516,043. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM MoOLAvE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Scranton, in the county of Lackawanna and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inBoiler-Furnaces; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.

M y invention relates to boiler furnaces, and consists first, in animproved construction of the chamber in which the fire bed or grates areconstructed, and second, in an improved construction of flame bed inrear of the grate or fire-bed chamber, whereby improved and importantresults are obtained, all as will hereinafter be described andspecifically claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1, is a vertical longitudinalsection of a boiler furnace having a single fire bed with single ash pitbeneath it, with my improvement-s em bodied in the same; the boiler inthis view being shown in elevation. Fig. 2, is a cross section throughthe fire box of a boiler furnace having two fire beds; showing myimprovements embodiedin the same. The boiler in this View is shown inend elevation. Fig. 3, is a broken horizontal section of Fig. 2, theboiler being removed. Fig. 4, is a detail perspective view of a singletile, brick, or plate of the type shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 5, is a detailperspective view of the opposite side of the tile or brick shown 1 nFig. 4. Figs. 6 and '7, are perspective views of modified forms of tileor brick used over the fire bed. Fig. 8, is a cross section showing thearched tile or brick over a single fire bed. Fig. 9, is a cross sectionshowing a straight bottomed tile or brick overa triple fire bed. Fig.10, is a broken detail longitudinal section, showing a modified form .oftile or brick. Fig. 11, is a cross section of the furnace through theflame bed shown in Fig. 1 12, is a similar section to Fig. 11, showing amodified form of supporting bar for the tileor brick of said bed, andFigs. 13 and 14, are detail views of the supporting bars shown in Figs.1 and 11.

A, is that portion of the boiler furnace in which the grate-or grates O,are applied, and

B, that portion of the same in which the flame bed D, is formed.

E is the bridge wall; F, the boiler; G, an air inlet pipe with jetbranches g, leading into the combustion chamber just above the grate orgrates; H, a horizontal, transverse airinlet pipe with apertures in itsrear side in communication with a space h, formed in the bridge wall.

I, is a soot and dbris pit formed beneath the flame bed, extending fromthe base of the furnace wall to the flame bed, and J, is a door orentrance opening through which the accumulation of soot and dbris in thepit I, are removed.

The grate, or grates C, may be arranged on supports a, of the styleshown in Fig. 1, or between a partition wall I), and upon supports 0, asshown in Fig. 2; or between half partition walls d, mounted uponsupports f, as shown in Fig. 9; or between the side walls of the furnaceand upon supports g, as shown in Fig. 8; and the flame bed D, may bearranged on arched supporting bars j, or flat supporting bars J.

The style of furnace, and the grate or grates, and means for supportingthe grate or grates, as well as the particular form of means forsupporting the flame bed, may be varied as circumstances require.

As an improvement in the construction of the fire bed chamber, and theflame bed of boiler furnaces of the types shown, or other analogoustypes, I provide an easily removable, open work, self cleaning,deflecting partition K, over the fuel bed, or grate or grates O; and aneasily removable, self cleaning, open work partition D; both of saidpartitions being practically horizontal, having, preferably, only aslight inclination from the front to the rear wall of the furnace,suohinclination giving greater freedom for the expansion and circulation ofthe highly heated products of combustion in their passage from the'fire'bed into the space 70, leading into the return flues of theboiler. These partitions are directly under the boiler, and a sufficientdistance above the grate, and below the boiler, to eficct the purposepresently explained. The partition K, in the fire-chamber portion A, ofthe furnace, is formed of some suitable refractory material, such aslong, stout, and deep fire clay tiles or bricks; or long, stout, anddeep metal blocks or plates, in form of bricks or tiles. These tiles orbricks are designated by the letter M, in the drawings, and theirpurpose is to deflect some of the radiant heat of the fire bed, backupon the surface of said fire bed itself, in order to produce bettercombustion in the fuel, and thereby maintain a higher temperature in thebed of fuel, than can be maintained in the same when the surface of thebed is exposed directly to the cooling influences of the comparativelylow temperature of the boiler above it, and thus obtain flame and gasesof a higher temperature, to ultimately come in contactwith the heatingsurfaces of the boiler.

The type of brick employed in constructing the partition K, are,preferably, of the curved form shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7,but they may be of the straight form shown in Fig. 10. The tile or brickM, whatever may be their shape, are provided with spacinglug portions m,at their ends; or are spaced by separate corresponding portions, and bymeans of these lugs or portions, the tiles or bricks are kept at equaldistances apart along the fire bed chamber, and thus a free flow of theflame from the fire bed through the partition K, is insured.

The tiles or bricks are of sufficient thickness and depth to withstandthe heat, and are placed crosswise so as to span across the firetransversely; and they are set edgewise, at such an angle that theyoverhang and cover the spaces between themselves, but do not seriouslyobstruct the spaces leading into the upper portion of the combustionchamber of the fire box.

The spacing attachments or devices by which the bricks or tiles are heldapart and in position on their supports, are, preferably,

made on the tiles or bricks themselves, in

such a manner that half of the width of the space at the extreme ends ofthe tiles or bricks,is filled by a half projection of taper-, ing shape,(see' Fig. 1) formed on one tile or brick, and by a half projection,also of. tapering shape, formed on another tile or brickthe halvesabutting against one another, and leaving a space the whole length ofthe tiles or bricks, less than that occupied by the half projections,for the flame to pass through. The projections are tapered from the baseto the top, so as to shed the soot and flying debris; or each projectioncan be made of a single double tapered piece, and the same fitted incorresponding recesses in the ends of the tiles, or bricks, asrepresented in Fig.

6; or the projections which are placed on supports ofthe side wall, maybe formed either integral with the tiles or bricks, as in Figs. 2 and 4,of the drawings, or separate from the same as in Fig. 7, in which latterconstruction, gains are formed in said ends of the tiles or bricks, asshown, to keep the projections in position.

In applying my invention to small boiler furnaces, the tiles, bricks,plates, or blocks may span the entire width of the furnace as shown inFig. 8, but when the boiler furnace is of larger size, it may be dividedinto two or more furnaces, in which case some of the ends of the tiles,bricks, plates or blocks will rest on division walls, either asillustrated in Fig. 2, or Figs. 8 and 9.

The brick or tile may be arched on their under side or made straight, asillustrated in Figs. 1, 4, 8 and 9. The arched form is preferable, as itlightens the weight of the tile at the center of the span and willtherefore be less liable to give way at that point.

The flame bed D, is constructed of fire brick, as N, set at equaldistances apart on their supporting bars so as to leave cleaning spacest, between them, and they have their upper surfaces hipped as at n; andtheir upper edges are slightly concaved as at n. These bricks are placedin rows upon suitable supports j, which may be either concave ironbearing barsj, as shown in Figs. 1 and 11; or straight iron bearing barsJ, as shown in Fig. 12; or they may be made of tubing, so as to allowwater to flow through them to a feed water heater. When said supportsare straight, the brick will be required to be made of different formsand height, so as to produce the desired concave flame flue asillustrated in Fig. 12.

The hip surfaces at, may run either at right angles to or parallel withthe boiler, but it is preferable to place them as shown, as thisarrangement facilitates the intermingling of oxygen with the gaseouscombustibles, as well as issures the holding of the flame up to theboiler. The ends of the bearing bars j, J, may rest upon projectingledges n built on the side walls as shown or otherwise suitablyarranged. The bottom edges of the bricks may be tongued as indicated at19, so as to project downbetween the members of the bearing bar, or theymay be grooved to straddle the same. It will be observed that the bricksof the flame bed are concave on their upper sides, and adjoin on obliqueand radial lines, and that they form a segmental concave surface beneathand partly around the boiler; and by being thus adjoined they can bereadily knocked out for repairs, and as readily replaced. The extremebricks at each edge of the concave rest on extensions 10, of the bars,and also aretongued in the spaces 19 at the ends of the bars,.as will beunderstood by referring to Figs. 11, 13 and 14. The flame-bed portion ofthe furnace, has a commodious soot and dbris pit I. directly beneath theflame bed, and into this pit the soot and fine dbris or flying ashesdeposit, the same passing down into the pit I through the spaces 25,formed between the bricks, and also between their supporting bars, andby this means the flame bed is rendered self cleaning.

In order to supply air to the fire chamber portion of the furnace abovethe partition, the air pipe G, is provided, and the air com- ICC,

ing in through this pipe and its branch noz zles, will aid in promotingcombustion of the gases in said portion of the fire chamber; and inorder to supply air at the bridge wall E the air pipe H, is provided,and air coming in through-this pipe and its jet passages, will aid inpromoting the combustion in the flame flue above the flame bed. The airpipes may not be necessary, and other means of aiding the combustion maybe adopted without departing from my invention.

It is well known in practice that coal fuels will burn better under abrick arch than when directly exposed to the heating surfaces of aboiler above, because of the comparatively low temperature of theboiler, against that of the temperature of good combustion; and,especially is this true, with respect to small anthracite and bituminousfuels, such as culm, birds-eye, buckwheat, and bituminous slack, and thelike; and many devices have from time to time been resorted to with thisfact in viewsuch as solid brick arches built up against the boiler;solid masonry, brick arches built partly over the fire with return flamespace between the top of the arch and bottom of the boiler. Flat tileshave also been used to partly cover the fire in the same way; and brickarched furnaces have been built outside the boiler furnace proper. Allsuch contrivances have been found more or less objectionable, for, inthe first instance, too much of the heating surface of the boiler ispractically lost, and the brick must be torn out when the boilerrequires repairing. In the second instance, the same trouble arises asto the necessity of tearing out the masonry to repair the boiler, andthe top of the arch requires to be cleaned quite .often to free it fromthe soot and ashes which rapidly accumulate thereon, and this last namedobjection is equally true when flat tile are placed horizontally ornearly so, While in the case of an outside furnace, the main objectionsare the extra room required, extra expense of building the structure,together with the heat lost by radiation through the top of the archinto the outside air.

The several objections named are obviated by my invention, as thesubstitute for a brick arch is built in the furnace proper, and locatedso as to provide an adequate combustion chamber between it and theboiler, and which can be easily removed atany time when the boiler mayneed repairing. Again the inclined surfaces of the tiles or plates byoverhanging the spaces through which the flame passes, serve tointercept or deflect back a portion of the radiant heat from the fire,which keeps the temperature of the fuel on the grate much higher thanwhen the fuel is exposed to the cooling influences ofthe boiler,

thereby producing better combustion in the.

fuel on the grate, and, therefore, ultimately furnishing a hotter flameand gas to come in contact with the heating surfaces of the boiler.

By my invention an increased heating surface in the great chamber, withwhich the gases from the fuel bed must come in contact before they reachthe combustion chamber under the boiler, is provided. Again, thenumerous divisions made by the tiles or plates, assist combustionmaterially, in that they break up the volume of gas as it rises from thefuel in a large number of parts, thus furnishing means for morethoroughly intermingling the oxygen and gaseous combustibles.

By the second part of my invention the hot flame and gases produced, areheld up close to the boiler, and the flame bed is self cleaning and easyof repair.

It will be understood that both features of my invention can be used inone boiler,or separately when required; and in fact some boilerconstruction would require only one part of the invention, namely, thatwhich furnishes the deflecting covering over the fuel bed. Thelocomotive type of boiler and some water tube boilers are among theclasses which would not require more than the first part of myinvention; and in some of such constructions it may be necessary toincline the titles or plates toward the front end of the boiler,insteadof toward the rear. Again thesecond part of my invention wouldbe usefulin holding theburning gases up against the boiler even when the firstpart of my invention is not used in the fire grate chamber of the boilerfurnace.

What I claim is- 1. In a boiler furnace, one or more series of heatdeflecting, readily removable tiles, bricks, or plates of about uniformsize and shape, made of a refractory material, placed on suitablesupports, and spanning the fuel bed, and located at a suitable distanceabove the same, and at such distance below the boiler as to form anadequate combustion chamber between their top edges and the boiler, saidtiles, bricks or plates, having suitable flame spaces between them, andplaced on their edges, and at such an angle as to practically overhangand cover the said flame spaces, but not to seriously obstruct or closethe flame ways, and also so formed that their upper edges will shed thesoot and fine ashes, and thus allow the same to descend through thespaces, instead of resting and accumulating on the tiles, bricks orplates, substantially as described.

2. In a boiler furnace, a brick flame bed under the boiler, between thebridge wall and rear end of the boiler, constructed of readily removablebricks having hipped upper surfaces of a sufficient angle to preventsoot and fine ashes from resting and accumulating thereon, and placed inrows on suitable supports, and spanning a soot pit beneath them, andsaid rows of bricks having spaces between them of sufficient width toallow the soot and fine ashes to pass and fall into the soot pit below,and having their apex lines substantially concentric with the boiler,and at a suitable having a soot or ash pit beneath it, substan- [Odistance below the same to form an adequate tially as described.

flame Way for the burning gases,substantially In testimony whereof Ihereunto affix my as described. signature in presence of two witnesses.5 3. The combination in a boiler furnace, of a the partition K, formedof spaced tiles, set to WILLIAM Q overhang the spaces which are betweenthem, Witnesses: and the partition B formedof spaced brick MILTON W.LOWRY,

which constitute the flame bed, said flame bed H. J. GREEN.

